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		<title>Menjilidkan Buku</title>
		<link>http://healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com/2009/03/26/menjilidkan-buku/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2009 01:48:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>healthyskinbyafif</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Obrolan santai]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Hari Minggu sore seperti biasa kami sekeluarga (Saya, suami, ketiga buah hati kami) berjalan-jalan keliling-keliling kota melepas kepenatan akibat rutinitas seminggu kemarin&#8230;Tiba-tiba muncul kebingungan dari anakku yang sulung&#8230; Dharin : Waduh mama&#8230;aku lupa ada tugas sekolah yang harus dijilid sekarang untuk dikumpulin besok pagi&#8230; Mama : Mudah-mudahan minggu begini ada yang buka ya penjilidan buku [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5293988&amp;post=90&amp;subd=healthyskinbyafif&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hari Minggu sore seperti biasa kami sekeluarga (Saya, suami, ketiga buah hati kami) berjalan-jalan keliling-keliling kota melepas kepenatan akibat rutinitas seminggu kemarin&#8230;Tiba-tiba muncul kebingungan dari anakku yang sulung&#8230;<br />
Dharin : Waduh mama&#8230;aku lupa ada tugas sekolah yang harus dijilid sekarang untuk dikumpulin besok pagi&#8230;<br />
Mama : Mudah-mudahan minggu begini ada yang buka ya penjilidan buku<br />
Veikha (anak no 2) memberi usul: &#8220;Kalau gak ada besok aja Mbak pagi-pagi dijilidkan di dekat sekolah&#8230;&#8221;<br />
Dharin: &#8220;Masalahnya di dekat sekolahku gak ada penjilidan Dik&#8230;wah gimana ini..&#8221;<br />
Tiba &#8211; tiba tanpa disangka-sangka nsi bungsu, Allvar (sekolah di TK B Al Hikmah) ngasih solusi:&#8221;Wah di sekolahmu gak ada jilid buku ya Mbak????&#8230;.Di sekolahku Al Hikmahaja ada&#8230;Ke sekolahku aja&#8230;.&#8221;<br />
Kami sekeluarga sangat gembira menambut solusi yg ditawarkan bungsu kami&#8230;..Hebat juga&#8230;..Kami sekeluarga hampir serempak:&#8221;Yook kita ke sekolah adik aja&#8230;&#8221;<br />
Allvar:&#8221;Ayook&#8230;Mama&#8230;di sekolah banyak Jilid Buku&#8230;Ada Ummi Jilid Satu&#8230;.Ummi Jilid Dua&#8230;.Ummi Jilid Tiga&#8230;.&#8221;<br />
&#8221; Ha&#8230;ha&#8230;ha&#8230;Kami sekeluarga terbahak mendengar celoteh si bungsu yang membanggakan &#8216;Penjilidan&#8217; di sekolahnya&#8230;.Akhirnya pipinya mendapat giliran ciuman &amp; cubitan dari kami sekeluarga&#8230;</p>
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		<title>Ageing Process</title>
		<link>http://healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com/2009/01/16/ageing-process/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Jan 2009 14:54:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>healthyskinbyafif</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Kesehatan Kulit]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[AGEING PROCESS Etiology Problem: aging, [photoaging, acne, enlarged pores, scarring) Intrinsic aging: irreversible progressive loss of homeostatic capacity – genetically programmed phenomenon Photoaging results in changes in gene expression – results from exposure to UV radiation UV radiations: UVA, UVB Light contacts w skin – scattered, reflected in the stratum corneum, absorbed in the epidermis [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5293988&amp;post=87&amp;subd=healthyskinbyafif&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;  Normal 0     false false false  EN-US X-NONE X-NONE              MicrosoftInternetExplorer4              &lt;![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;                                                                                                                                            &lt;![endif]--><strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&quot;color:red;">AGEING PROCESS</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:center;" align="center"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Etiology</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Problem: aging, [photoaging, acne, enlarged pores, scarring)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Intrinsic aging: irreversible progressive loss of homeostatic capacity – genetically programmed phenomenon</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Photoaging results in changes in gene expression – results from exposure to UV radiation</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">UV radiations: UVA, UVB</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Light contacts w skin – scattered, reflected in the stratum corneum, absorbed in the epidermis or is transmitted.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">UVB: shorter wavelength – more powerful- absorbed by epidermis – 10% penetrating to deeper layers</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">UVA: longer wavelength – less powerful – 50% penetrating to epidermis – reach papilla dermis</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Therefore, immediate &amp; long-term changes ofphotodamages occur in epidermis and upper dermis</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Pathophsiology</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Intrinsic process of chronologic aging results from</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]&#8211;><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"><span>-<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">thinning of epidermis + dermis</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"><span>-<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">loss of elasticity</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"><span>-<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">affects all layers of face</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"><span>-<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">results – bony resorpton, atrophy of subcutan fat, attenuation of the musc.scel system, alter skin surface</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"><span>-<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">dermal-epidermal junction flattens – loss of rete ridges – thinner app to epidermis</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"><span>-<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">dermis – thin, decrease of elastic ffibers, coll prod, vascularity, ground substance, all in collagen + elastin – lax – resilient</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"><span>-<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">collectively – fine wrinkling &amp; sagging </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Extrinsic photoaging</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"><span>-<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">degeneratif changes that are superimposed on normal chronologic aging process</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"><span>-<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">clinically – coarse &amp; dry skin, deep wrinkles, sallowness, dyschromis</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"><span>-<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">hist: epidermal hyperplasia + displasia, thickened dermis w solar elastosis, actinic vasculopathy, decreased coll fibers, increased ground substance</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Heliodermatitis – chronic inflamm changes &amp; degeneration of elastin and collagen in photodamaged skin</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Photoaging – damage DNA – risk os SCC &amp; BCC</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">The Glogau classification of phptoaging groups:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 36pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Mild (28-35 y)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"><span>o<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Little wrinkle or scarring</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"><span>o<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">No keratosis</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"><span>o<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Require little or no make-up</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 36pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Moderate (35-50 y)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"><span>o<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Early wrinkling, mild scarring</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"><span>o<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Sallow color w early actinic keratosis</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"><span>o<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Requiring little make-up</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 36pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Advanced (50-65 y)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"><span>o<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Persistent wrinkling</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"><span>o<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Discoloration w telengiactasias and actinic keratosis</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"><span>o<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Wear mae-up always</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Severe (60-75 y)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 108pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Wrinkling- photoaging, gravitational,dynamic</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 108pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Actinic keratosis w/wo skin cancer</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 108pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Wingdings;"><span>§<span style="font-family:&quot;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;">Wear make-up w poor coverage</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 18pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;"> </span></p>
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		<title>Melasma</title>
		<link>http://healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com/2008/12/13/melasma/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Dec 2008 03:10:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>healthyskinbyafif</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Kesehatan Kulit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artikel Kesehatan Kulit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kosmetik]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[MELASMA (CHLOASMA) Merupakan kelainan hipermelanosis yang didapat - umumnya simetris - makula yg tdk merata warna coklat muda – tua - area terpajan sinar UV - predileksi pipi, dahi, atas bibir, hidung, dagu Bisa terjadi pada semua ras Terutama terjadi pada daerah tropis Banyak pada wanita (Indonesia wanita:pria=24:1) Terutama pada wanita usia subur, 30-44 th [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5293988&amp;post=67&amp;subd=healthyskinbyafif&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2 class="Publishwithline"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:&quot;color:red;" lang="PT-BR">MELASMA (CHLOASMA)</span></h2>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="PT-BR">Merupakan kelainan hipermelanosis yang didapat</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="PT-BR">- umumnya simetris</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="PT-BR">- makula yg tdk merata warna coklat muda – tua</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="PT-BR">- area terpajan sinar UV</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="PT-BR">- predileksi pipi, dahi, atas bibir, hidung, dagu</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="PT-BR">Bisa terjadi pada semua ras</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="PT-BR">Terutama terjadi pada daerah tropis</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="PT-BR">Banyak pada wanita (Indonesia wanita:pria=24:1)</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="PT-BR">Terutama pada wanita usia subur, 30-44 th</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="PT-BR">PENYEBAB</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="PT-BR">Penyebab pasti belum diketahui </span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="PT-BR">Faktor:</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 36pt;">&gt;<span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="PT-BR">Sinar UV</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 36pt;">&gt;<span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="PT-BR">Hormon: </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="SV">estrogen, progesteron, MSH</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 36pt;">&gt;<span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="PT-BR">Obat-obatan tertentu</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 36pt;">&gt;<span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="PT-BR">Genetik</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 36pt;">&gt;<span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="PT-BR">Ras</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 36pt;">&gt;<span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="PT-BR">Kosmetik</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 36pt;">&gt;<span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="PT-BR">Idiopatik </span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0 9pt 10pt 18pt;"></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0 9pt 10pt 18pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="FI">GEJALA KLINIS</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0 9pt 10pt 18pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="FI">Makula coklat muda atau tua, batas tegas, tepi tdk teratur</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0 9pt 10pt 18pt;"></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0 9pt 10pt 18pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="FI">PENATALAKSANAAN</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0 9pt 10pt 18pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="FI">Perlu waktu cukup lama, kontrol teratur, kerjasama yg baik dr dg px</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0 9pt 10pt 18pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="FI">Penting cari fk kausal</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0 9pt 10pt 18pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="FI">1. Pencegahan:</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0 9pt 10pt 18pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="FI">- Perlindungan thd UV tu 09.00-15.00, topi or payung, tabir surya</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0 9pt 10pt 18pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="FI">- Faktor penyebab</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0 9pt 10pt 18pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="FI">2. pengobatan</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0 9pt 10pt 18pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="FI">Topikal</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;">&gt;<span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="FI">Hidroquinone (hidrokinon) 2-5%</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;">&gt;<span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="FI">Retinoic acid (asam retinoat,tretinoin) 0,025% 0,05%, 0,1%</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 72pt;">&gt;<span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="FI">Azeleic acid 20%</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="FI">Sistemik</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 54pt;">&gt;<span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="FI">Ascorbic acid (vit C)</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 54pt;">&gt;<span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="FI">Glutation</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:9pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:18.75pt;"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="FI">Tindakan khusus</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 36.75pt;">&gt;<span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="FI">Peeling kimiawi</span></h3>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18pt;margin:0 9pt .0001pt 36.75pt;">&gt;<span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:&quot;" lang="FI">Laser</span></h3>
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		<title>Kelainan Kulit pada HIV/AIDS</title>
		<link>http://healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com/2008/12/13/kelainan-kulit-pada-hivaids/</link>
		<comments>http://healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com/2008/12/13/kelainan-kulit-pada-hivaids/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Dec 2008 03:06:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>healthyskinbyafif</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Kesehatan Kelamin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kesehatan Kulit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artikel Kesehatan Kulit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kelamin]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[KELAINAN KULIT PADA PENDERITA HIV/AIDS Kelainan kulit sering terjadi dalam perjalanan penyakit Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) sebagai akibat dari keadaan imunodefisiensi maupun sebagai akibat dari pengobatannya. Manifestasi kelainan kulit dari penyakit HIV sangat luas dengan spektrum yang sangat bervariasi. Kelainan kulit yang terjadi pada penderita HIV sangat banyak dengan spektrum yang sangat luas, meliputi : [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5293988&amp;post=64&amp;subd=healthyskinbyafif&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><span style="font-size:14pt;"><span style="color:#0000ff;">KELAINAN KULIT PADA PENDERITA HIV/AIDS</span></span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;">Kelainan kulit sering terjadi dalam perjalanan penyakit <em>Human Immunodeficiency</em> <em>Virus</em> (HIV) sebagai akibat dari keadaan imunodefisiensi maupun sebagai akibat dari pengobatannya. Manifestasi kelainan kulit dari penyakit HIV sangat luas dengan spektrum yang sangat bervariasi.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Kelainan kulit yang terjadi pada penderita HIV sangat banyak dengan spektrum yang sangat luas, meliputi :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<ol style="margin-top:0;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal">Infeksi oportunistik
<ol style="margin-top:0;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal">Bakteri</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Jamur</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Virus</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Neoplasma oportunistik
<ol style="margin-top:0;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal">Karsinoma kaposi</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Kanker kulit non melanoma</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Displasia</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Adverse drugs reaction</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Lipodystrophy syndrome</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Dermatosis
<ol style="margin-top:0;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal">Pruritus</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Eosinophilic fooliculitis</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Psoriasis vulgaris</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Eritroderma</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Kelainan pigmen</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Fotosensitif</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Akibat kelainan sistemik
<ol style="margin-top:0;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal">Porphyria cutanea tarda</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Vasculitis</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Oropharynx
<ol style="margin-top:0;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal">Oral hairy leukoplakia</li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Neoplasma</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"> </p>
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		<title>Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL)</title>
		<link>http://healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com/2008/12/13/erythema-nodosum-leprosum-enl/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Dec 2008 03:03:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>healthyskinbyafif</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Kesehatan Kulit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artikel Kesehatan Kulit]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kusta]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[ERITEMA NODOSUM LEPROSUM (ENL) Afif Nurul Hidayati*, M. Yulianto Listyawan**, Dyah Fauziah*** **Lab/SMF Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit Kelamin ***Lab/SMF Ilmu Patologi Anatomi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga/RSU dr. Soetomo Surabaya     ABSTRAK ENL merupakan masalah yang serius karena sering terjadi berulang, menyebabkan komplikasi yang tidak ringan, mempengaruhi rutinitas dan kepatuhan penderita terhadap pengobatan, sehingga merupakan salah [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5293988&amp;post=61&amp;subd=healthyskinbyafif&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align:left;line-height:150%;" align="left"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;color:#4f81bd;">ERITEMA NODOSUM LEPROSUM (ENL)</span></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align:left;line-height:150%;" align="left"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;font-weight:normal;">Afif Nurul Hidayati*, M. Yulianto Listyawan**, Dyah Fauziah***</span></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align:left;line-height:150%;" align="left"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;font-weight:normal;" lang="DA">**Lab/SMF Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit Kelamin</span></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align:left;line-height:150%;" align="left"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;font-weight:normal;" lang="DA">***Lab/SMF Ilmu Patologi Anatomi</span></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align:left;line-height:150%;" align="left"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;font-weight:normal;" lang="DA">Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga/RSU dr. Soetomo</span></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align:left;line-height:150%;" align="left"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;font-weight:normal;">Surabaya</span></p>
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<p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;">ABSTRAK</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;" lang="DE">ENL merupakan masalah yang serius karena sering terjadi berulang, menyebabkan komplikasi yang tidak ringan, mempengaruhi rutinitas dan kepatuhan penderita terhadap pengobatan, sehingga merupakan salah satu kendala dalam eliminasi penyakit kusta. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;" lang="DE">ENL merupakan kelaziman dalam perjalanan maupun pengobatan penyakit kusta terutama tipe LL, kadang-kadang bisa terjadi pada tipe BL. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya ENL<span> </span>diantaranya infeksi, stres fisik maupun psikis, kehamilan, operasi, dan beberapa obat-obatan. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;" lang="DE">Terjadinya ENL merupakan peran dari kompleks imun humoral yang melibatkan <em>antigen load</em> yang tinggi dari M. <em>Lepra</em>, antibodi titer tinggi, dan komplemen (C3,C4) serta sekresi <em>Tumor Necroting Factor (TNF) </em></span><em><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;"><span>a</span></span></em><em><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;" lang="DE">.</span></em><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;" lang="DE"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height:150%;"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;" lang="DE">ENL berbeda dengan eritema nodosum. Pemeriksaan histopatologis pada ENL menunjukkan terjadi <em>vasculitis</em>, sedangkan pada eritema nodosum memberikan gambaran <em>panniculitis</em> tanpa disertai atau minimal <em>vasculitis. </em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;" lang="DE">Dalam menangani ENL perlu mempertimbangkan berat ringannya reaksi. Anggapan bahwa anestesi, paralisa, dan kontraktur merupakan akibat penyakit kusta yang tidak dapat dicegah merupakan hal yang tidak benar.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;" lang="DE">Diagnosis dini ENL dengan pemeriksaan klinis yang teliti dan pemeriksaan penunjang yang tepat termasuk histopatologis, serta pengobatan<span> </span>dan penatalaksanaan yang baik dari reaksi kusta dapat mencegah timbulnya kecacatan.</span></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"> </p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;font-weight:normal;" lang="DE">Kata kunci : Eritema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL), reaksi kusta tipe 2</span></p>
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<p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;">ABSTRACT</span></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;"></span><em><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;font-weight:normal;">Erythema Nodosum Leprosum</span></em><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;font-weight:normal;"> (ENL) is the serious problem in leprosy patients because of recurrently, can cause the serious complications, and influences the discipline of the MDT treatment, so ENL is the one of the obstacles in leprosy elimination.</span></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;font-weight:normal;">ENL occurs almost exclusively in LL patients, only occasionally appearing in BL patients. Factors known can precipitate ENL are intercurrent infections, injury, physical and mental stress, pregnancy and parturition, surgery, protective immunization , and some medicines.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;">ENL<strong> </strong>is associated with an immune complex syndrome (an antigen-antibody reaction involving complement) and thus is a humoral antibody response, and </span><em><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;" lang="DE">Tumor Necroting Factor (TNF) </span></em><em><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Symbol;"><span>a</span></span></em><em><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;" lang="DE">.</span></em><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;" lang="DE"> secretion.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36pt;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;" lang="DE">ENL is different with Erythema Nodosum</span><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;" lang="DE">. The histopathologic feature of ENL is predominantly vasculitis, whereas Erythema Nodosum is panniculitis with minimal or without vasculitis.</span></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;font-weight:normal;">The treatment of ENL depends on the severity of reaction. The judgement about anaesthetic, paralysis, and contracture can not be prevented is not correct.</span></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;font-weight:normal;">Early diagnose of ENL with carefully physical examination and supported by histopathologic examination, and appropriate treatment can prevent the disability.</span></p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"> </p>
<p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:150%;font-weight:normal;">Key words : Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL), type 2 lepra reaction.</span></p>
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		<title>Vitamin C</title>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Dec 2008 02:56:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>healthyskinbyafif</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Kesehatan Kulit]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[ Vitamin C Awalnya vitamin C digunakan untuk mencegah penyakit scurvy. Makan buah sitrus yang kaya vitamin C bisa mencegah kelainan gigi, perdarahan, purpura, kelainan mental. Saat ini vitamin C yang dikenal sebagai asam ascorbat, telah banyak diteliti sebagai salah satu antioksidan. Konsumsi vitamin C dihubungkan dengan penurunan risiko menderita kanker tertentu, penyakit kardiovaskuler , katarak, [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5293988&amp;post=58&amp;subd=healthyskinbyafif&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size:20pt;line-height:115%;color:#0070c0;">Vitamin C</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Awalnya vitamin C digunakan untuk mencegah penyakit scurvy. Makan buah sitrus yang kaya vitamin C bisa mencegah kelainan gigi, perdarahan, purpura, kelainan mental.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Saat ini vitamin C yang dikenal sebagai asam ascorbat, telah banyak diteliti sebagai salah satu antioksidan. Konsumsi vitamin C dihubungkan dengan penurunan risiko menderita kanker tertentu, penyakit kardiovaskuler , katarak, mempercepat penyembuhan luka, membantu struktur tulang dan gigi, perdarahan gusi, dan modulasi imun. Vitamin C juga membantu penyerapan besi dan kalsium sehingga menambah resitensi terhadap infeksi. Vitamin C topikal digunakan sebagai antioksidan topikal untuk mencegah kerusakan kulit akibat sinar matahari, terapi melasma, stria alba, dan terapi eritema pasca tindakan laser.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:115%;">Struktur Vitamin C</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Vitamin C (ascorbate), merupakan α-ketolactone yang merupakan<span> </span>hydrophilic monovalent hydroxyl anion. Penambahan satu elektron akan membentuk radikal bebas ascorbate. Perubahan bentuk ini lebih stabil daripada radikal bebas lain dan dapat menerima elektron lain, menjadi effective free radical scavenger, dan sebagai antioksidan yang bagus. Jika bentuk transien tidak bisa menangkap elektron akan melepas elektron ke dalam reaksi enzin dan menjadi donor elektron. Ketika dua elektron ditambahkan ke ascorbic acid, reaksi akan membentuk substansi baru yang disebut dehydro-L-ascorbic acid (DHAA). Substansi baru ini bisa diubah lagi menjadi ascorbate, tetapi cincin lactone terbuka secara irreversible, membentuk diketogulonic acid, bentuk yang tidak aktif. Bentuk ini sering trejadi jika mengalami oksidasi. Jika vitamin C terekspose sinar ultra violet atau udara, molekul akan cepat menangkap dua elektron menjadi DHAA yang mengandung cincin aromatic. Oksidasi lebih lanjut, cincin akan terbuka ireversibel dan larutan vit C akan menjadi inaktif secara permanen.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:115%;">Kebutuhan Vitamin C</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;">RDA merekomendasikan: pria 90 mg, wanita 75 mg. Dosis berkisar 1000-2000 mg tergantung kebutuhan. Dosis maksimum yang aman, untuk pemakaian jangka lama 2000 mg, jangka pendek 3000 mg. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:115%;">Risiko Pemberian Vitamin C</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;">Pemberian vitamin C dosis tinggi bisa mengakibatkan diare, mual, stomach cramping, excess urination, skin rash, meningkatkan risiko terjadinya batu ginjal, mengurangi kadar cuprum (tembaga). Hati- hati pemebrian pada pasien dengan glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, hemosiderosis, hemochromatosis, wanita dengan kontrasepsi hormonal, menerima terapi amisilin, indometasin, salisilat, tetrasiklin, kortikosteroid. Kadar vitamin C akan ditingkatkan jika merokok dan konsumsi alkohol. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:115%;">Sumber Vitamin C</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%;">Buah-buahan jeruk, sitrun, strawberry, tomat, sayuran.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:115%;">Vitamin C sebagai antioksidan:</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Mencegah risiko terjadinya kanker kulit tertentu, menurunkan eritema setelah radiasi, menambah efektivitas sunscreen jika digabung dengan preparat sunscreen, menambah manfaat jika digabungkan dengan vitamin E.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:115%;">Efek vitamin C pada sintesis kolagen dan elastin: </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Meningkatkan produksi kolagen dan elastin, mengurangi wrinkle, dengan mekanisme kerja perlu penelitian lebih lanjut.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:115%;">Vitamin C topikal</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Belum ada bukti bahwa konsumsi vitamin C (oral) akan meningkatkan kadar vitamin C di kulit, sehingga preparat vitamin C topikal sangat popular. Sediaan bisa berupa water- or lipid-soluble form. Bentuk lipid-soluble bersifat noniritasi, fotoprotektif, dan antiinflamasi. Sayangnya, banyak sediaan yang tidak bisa menembus stratum korneum sehingga tidak bermanfaat. Beberapa manufaktur mengklain bahwa sediaannya nonionic dan kurang lipofilik sehingga meningkatkan kemungkinan absorpsi perkutan. Kekerangan lain sediaan topikal adalah ketidakstabilannya sehingga tidak aktif jika botol dibuka.</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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		<title>RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS (RAS)</title>
		<link>http://healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com/2008/12/12/recurrent-aphthous-stomatitis-ras/</link>
		<comments>http://healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com/2008/12/12/recurrent-aphthous-stomatitis-ras/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Dec 2008 13:28:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>healthyskinbyafif</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Kesehatan Kulit]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS (RAS) Afif Nurul Hidayati, Sunarso Suyoso Bag./SMF Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin FK UNAIR/RSU Dr. Soetomo ABSTRAK: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) merupakan kelainan pada rongga mulut berupa ulkus yang penyebabnya belum diketahui dengan pasti, merupakan kondisi kronik dan sering terjadi berulang, biasanya onsetnya terjadi pada masa kanak-kanak atau masa pertumbuhan dan frekuensi [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5293988&amp;post=38&amp;subd=healthyskinbyafif&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><strong><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:150%;">RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS (RAS)</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><em>Afif Nurul Hidayati, Sunarso Suyoso</em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><em><span lang="DA">Bag./SMF Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><em><span lang="DA">FK UNAIR/RSU Dr. Soetomo</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;">ABSTRAK:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><em>Recurrent aphthous stomatitis</em> (RAS) merupakan kelainan pada rongga mulut berupa ulkus yang penyebabnya belum diketahui dengan pasti, merupakan kondisi kronik dan sering terjadi berulang, biasanya onsetnya terjadi pada masa kanak-kanak atau masa pertumbuhan dan frekuensi serta keparahannya cenderung menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya usia. Diagnosis banding “aphthae” meliputi penyakit vesikobulous, granuloma, dan karsinoma sel skuamosa. Terjadinya <em>aphthous ulcers</em> pada orang dewasa patut dicurigai kemungkinan adanya kelainan sistemik yang lebih komplek seperti <em>Behcet’s syndrome</em> atau <em>inflammatory bowel disease</em>. Penatalaksanaan meliputi koreksi penyakit yang menyertai atau faktor predisposisi yang menyebabkan, serta penggunaan bahan anti inflamasi topikal maupun sistemik atau obat-obat imunomodulator.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;">Kata kunci: aphthae, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, <em>Behcet’s syndrome</em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;">ABSTRACT:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><em>Recurrent aphthous stomatitis </em>(RAS) is a chronic condition, usually with a childhood or adolescent onset and with a tendency to diminish in frequency and severity with age. Most patients are otherwise healthy. The differential diagnosis for “aphthae” includes vesicobullous diseases, granulomas, and even squamous cell carcinomas. The onset of aphthous-like lesions in adults suggests the possibility of developing a more complex systemic disorder such as <em>Behcet’s syndrome</em> or <em>inflammatory bowel disease</em>. Treatment includes correction of underlying disease or predisposing causes, and the use of topical and systemic anti-inflammatory agents or immunomodulating drugs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;">Keywords: aphthae, <em>recurrent aphthous stomatitis</em>, <em>Behcet’s syndrome</em>.</p>
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		<title>Terapi Antiretroviral pada HIV/AIDS</title>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Dec 2008 13:24:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>healthyskinbyafif</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Kesehatan Kelamin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artikel Kesehatan Kelamin]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Terapi Antiretroviral pada HIV/AIDS Afif Nurul Hidayati, Saut Sahat Pohan Bagian/SMF Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin, FK UNAIR/RSU Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya Abstrak: Penemuan antiretroviral therapy (ART) yang poten mendorong revolusi perawatan penderita HIV/AIDS. Meskipun belum mampu menyembuhkan bahkan menambah tantangan dalam hal efek samping serta resistensi kronis terhadap obat, namun secara dramatis menunjukkan penurunan angka [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5293988&amp;post=36&amp;subd=healthyskinbyafif&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:center;"><strong><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:150%;">Terapi Antiretroviral pada HIV/AIDS</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;line-height:150%;" align="center">Afif Nurul Hidayati, Saut Sahat Pohan</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;line-height:150%;" align="center"><em><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:150%;">Bagian/SMF Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin,</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;line-height:150%;" align="center"><em><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:150%;">FK UNAIR/RSU Dr. Soetomo,</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;line-height:150%;" align="center"><em><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:150%;" lang="DA">Surabaya</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:150%;">Abstrak: </span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:150%;">Penemuan antiretroviral therapy (ART) yang poten mendorong revolusi perawatan penderita HIV/AIDS. Meskipun belum mampu menyembuhkan bahkan menambah tantangan dalam hal efek samping serta resistensi kronis terhadap obat, namun secara dramatis menunjukkan penurunan angka kematian dan kesakitan. Obat antiretroviral (ARV) menghambat replikasi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Pemberian kombinasi beberapa obat ARV (highly active antiretroviral therapy/HAART) dapat menghambat replikasi HIV, memperlambat defisiensi imun, serta meningkatkan kualitas dan lama hidup penderita HIV.</span></em><em><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:150%;"> <span lang="FI">Karena pemilihan rejimen yang rumit, lamanya terapi, efek samping yang ditimbulkan, biaya yang besar, serta perlunya<span> </span>kepatuhan yang tinggi, maka perlu keterlibatan pasien dalam pemilihan terapi. Selain itu perlu mempertimbangkan keuntungan dan kerugian pemberian ARV pada penderita asimptomatik. WHO merekomendasikan bahwa pada sumber daya yang terbatas, pemberian ARV dimulai jika infeksi sudah ditegakkan dan memenuhi salah satu dari kriteria: penyakit HIV stadium IV menurut WHO, penyakit HIV stadium III menurut WHO dengan hitung sel TCD4<sup>+</sup> &lt;350/mm<sup>3</sup>, atau penyakit HIV stadium I/II menurut WHO dengan hitung sel TCD4<sup>+</sup> &lt;200/mm<sup>3</sup>. Jika pemeriksaan hitung sel TCD4<sup>+</sup> tidak tersedia maka pemeriksaan total lymphocyte count (TLC) kurang dari atau sama dengan 1200/mm<sup>3</sup> dapat digunakan sebagai<span> </span>dasar pemberian terapi.<span> </span></span></span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:150%;" lang="FI">Kata kunci</span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:150%;" lang="FI">: siklus replikasi HIV, sel TCD4<sup>+</sup>, TLC, NRTIs, PIs.</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><em></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><em><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:150%;" lang="FI">Abstract: </span></em><em><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:150%;">The advent of potent antiretroviral therapy (ART) led to a revolution in the caring the HIV/AIDS patients. Eventhough<span> </span>there is no treatment absolutely improving the disease and there are still challenges in the side-effects and the resistance of medicines, but it has been found a decrease in morbidity and mortality of it and an improvement of guality of life of people with HIV/AIDS. It had been proved that ARV drug inhibit the replication of HIV. When ARV drugs are given as combination drugs (highly active antiretroviral therapy/HAART), HIV replication and immune deterioration can be delayed, therefore, survival and quality of life can be improved. However, due to the complexity in selecting the regimen, the severity of the side effects, the treatment costs, and the patients’ compliance, it is important to involve the patients select the therapy. It has been considered the advantages and disadvantages of the HIV/AIDS patients treatment when the patients haven’t symptoms. WHO recommends that in source-limited settings, HIV-infected patients should start ARV therapy when the infection has been confirmed and one of the several conditions such as WHO stage IV HIV disease, WHO stage III HIV disease with CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells &lt;350/mm<sup>3</sup>, or WHO stage I/II HIV disease with CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells &lt;200/mm<sup>3 </sup>are present. In cases,<span> </span>when CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells cannot be assessed, the presence of total lymphocyte count (TLC) of 1200/mm<sup>3 </sup>or below can be used as a substitute indication for treatment.</span></em></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"><strong><em><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:150%;">Keywords</span></em></strong><em><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:150%;">: replication cycle of HIV, CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells, TLC, NRTIs, PIs </span></em></p>
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		<title>Infeksi Endogen Saluran Reproduksi Wanita</title>
		<link>http://healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com/2008/12/12/infeksi-endogen-saluran-reproduksi-wanita/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Dec 2008 13:21:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>healthyskinbyafif</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Kesehatan Kelamin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Artikel Kesehatan Kelamin]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[INFEKSI ENDOGEN SALURAN REPRODUKSI WANITA Afif Nurul Hidayati, Hans Lumintang Bag./SMF Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin FK UNAIR/RSU Dr. Soetomo Surabaya ABSTRAK Infeksi saluran reproduksi merupakan infeksi pada saluran genital yang disebabkan oleh organisme yang normal berada dalam saluran reproduksi yang disebut infeksi endogen, masuk dari luar selama hubungan seksual yang disebut infeksi menular seksual, [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5293988&amp;post=34&amp;subd=healthyskinbyafif&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="color:#0000ff;">INFEKSI ENDOGEN SALURAN REPRODUKSI WANITA</span></p>
<p><strong>Afif Nurul Hidayati, Hans Lumintang<br />
Bag./SMF Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin<br />
FK UNAIR/RSU Dr. Soetomo<br />
Surabaya</strong></p>
<p>ABSTRAK<br />
Infeksi saluran reproduksi merupakan infeksi pada saluran genital yang disebabkan oleh organisme yang normal berada dalam saluran reproduksi yang disebut infeksi endogen, masuk dari luar selama hubungan seksual yang disebut infeksi menular seksual, atau melalui prosedur medis yang disebut infeksi iatrogenik. Infeksi saluran reproduksi dapat menyerang pria dan wanita, meskipun komplikasi pada wanita lebih sering dan lebih berat. Pada wanita pertumbuhan berlebih flora normal bisa menyebabkan infeksi jamur dan vaginosis bakterial. Infeksi endogen dapat terjadi di seluruh dunia dan dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan, higiene, hormonal dan beberapa faktor lain. Komplikasi dari infeksi saluran reproduksi terhadap kesehatan reproduksi bisa berat dan mengancam jiwa.. Infeksi saluran reproduksi juga meningkatkan resiko penularan HIV.</p>
<p>Kata kunci : infeksi endogen, infeksi saluran reproduksi, flora normal</p>
<p>ABSTRACT<br />
Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are infections of genital tract which caused by organisms normally present in the reproductive tract called endogen infection, introduced from the outside during sexual contact called sexually transmitted disease, or introduced by medical procedures called iatrogenic infection. They affect both women and men, although the consequences for women are more common and severe than men.. In women, overgrowth of endogenous microorganisms normally found in the vagina may cause yeast infection, bacterial vaginosis. Endogenous infection is common worldwide and influenced by environmental, hygienic, hormonal, and other factors. The consequences of RTIs for reproductive health can be severe and life-threatening. RTIs also increase the risk of HIV transmission.</p>
<p>Key words : endogen infection, reproductive tract infections, normal flora</p>
<p>Makalah lengkap lihat di: Berkala Ilmu Penyakit Kulit dan Kelamin (Airlangga Periodically of Dermato-Venereology) Vol.18 No 1 Tahun 2006</p>
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		<title>Uban (Graying Hairs, Canities)</title>
		<link>http://healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com/2008/12/11/uban-graying-hairs-canities-2/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Dec 2008 05:07:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>healthyskinbyafif</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Kesehatan Rambut]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Uban (Graying Hairs, Canities) Merupakan proses penuaan kronis dari rambut tanpa melihat faktor gender maupun ras. Biasanya terjadi pada usia empatpuluhan dan tampaknya diturunkan. Uban pada orang Asia rata-rata terjadi pada usia 30 tahunan, dan orang Afrika pada usia 4o tahunan. Uban yang terjadi lebih awal (sebelum usia 20 atau 30 tahunan bias disebabkan karena: [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthyskinbyafif.wordpress.com&amp;blog=5293988&amp;post=26&amp;subd=healthyskinbyafif&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="color:#0000ff;">Uban (Graying Hairs, Canities)</span><br />
Merupakan proses penuaan kronis dari rambut tanpa melihat faktor gender maupun ras.<br />
Biasanya terjadi pada usia empatpuluhan dan tampaknya diturunkan. Uban pada orang Asia rata-rata terjadi pada usia 30 tahunan, dan orang Afrika pada usia 4o tahunan.<br />
Uban yang terjadi lebih awal (sebelum usia 20 atau 30 tahunan bias disebabkan karena:<br />
1. Anemia pernisiosa<br />
2. Hiper/hipotiroid<br />
3. Osteopenia<br />
4. Sindroma tertentu yang jarang yaitu progeria &amp; pangeria</p>
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